An Overview of India and Pakistan Relations: Focusing on Kashmir and Its Geopolitical Importance

Abstract

Geopolitical factors heavily influence relationships between governments that share borders. The relevance of geopolitical discussions between India and Pakistan stems from the fact that India was split into two separate nations, with Kashmir as a contested and divided area between them. This study will examine Kashmir's relevance in geopolitics between India and Pakistan. The academic literature provides substantial evidence that the two governments are fostering an environment of turmoil and hate and that their population is struggling with poverty, illiteracy, and underdevelopment. As a result of the animosity between “India and Pakistan,” thousands of people in Kashmir have been forced to flee their homes and live in refugee camps. The previous 24 years of peace & rights have been a hazy period. Because of Kashmir's strategic importance, India and Pakistan have been in bloody conflicts for the last 65 years. Since their respective independence movements from Britain and India, Kashmir's status as a landlocked province has been a source of contention between the two nations.