The Role of Emotional Exhaustion in Employee Turnover and its implications for Retention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v14n3.005Keywords:
Employee Turnover, Emotional Exhaustion, Burnout, Voluntary Attrition, Psychological ContractAbstract
This study empirically investigates the psychological underpinnings of voluntary employee turnover, with a specific focus on emotional exhaustion. Supporting Hypothesis 1 (H1), the findings demonstrate a strong positive association between emotional exhaustion and employees’ intentions to leave their organizations (r = 0.58, p < 0.01; B = 0.59, p < 0.001), accounting for 34% of the variance in turnover intention (R² = 0.34). Emotional exhaustion—characterized by chronic fatigue, stress, and emotional depletion—emerges as a primary psychological antecedent of turnover, undermining job satisfaction, engagement, and purpose. The study highlights generational and gender disparities: Gen Z, Millennials, and women report significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, pointing to unique stressors linked to evolving work values and gendered labour expectations. Sectoral analysis reveals elevated burnout levels in healthcare and IT, while public service and manufacturing show comparatively lower emotional strain—underscoring the role of organizational support, job security, and workload design. In addition to exhaustion, factors such as psychological contract breach, leadership dissatisfaction, lack of recognition, and workplace meaninglessness amplify turnover risk. Emotional exhaustion is thus embedded in a broader matrix of psychosocial and organizational stressors. These insights position emotional well-being not just as a health concern, but as a strategic lever for enhancing employee retention and organizational resilience. The study calls for multi-dimensional retention strategies—including leadership development, recognition systems, wellness programs, psychological safety, and meaningful work design—to mitigate emotional exhaustion and sustain workforce stability in a competitive labour landscape.
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