Mapping Employee Engagement in India: A Systematic Analysis of Methodologies and Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v14n2.002Keywords:
Workforce Involvement, Research Approach, Analytical Methods, Influencing Factors, Impact MeasuresAbstract
This study explores employee engagement in India by reviewing high-quality literature, focusing on key drivers, outcomes, findings, and future research implications. A total of 49 journal articles from 2000 to 2024 were selected based on specific keywords and quality criteria. The study categorizes research methodologies, data analysis techniques, and engagement factors, offering a structured overview of the Indian context. Key insights and future research directions from each study are examined to support scholars in this field. The research is limited to India and the 2000–2024 timeframe, excluding broader geographical and temporal perspectives. It relies on articles from A*, A, or B-rated journals in the ABDC JQL, potentially overlooking other relevant studies. Additionally, the lack of qualitative and longitudinal studies indicates a gap in the literature. From a practical standpoint, these findings can help professionals across industries understand engagement drivers and outcomes to improve workforce productivity. On a societal level, engaged employees contribute to better organizational outcomes, and disparities in engagement may impact employment stability. These insights are essential for refining both theoretical models and practical strategies to enhance employee engagement globally.
Downloads
References
Agarwal, Upasna A., et al. "Linking LMX, innovative work behaviour and turnover intentions: The mediating role of work engagement." Career development international 17.3 (2012): 208-230.
Aggarwal, Arun, Dinesh Jaisinghani, and Kamrunnisha Nobi. "Effect of organizational justice and support on organizational commitment and employee turnover intentions: the mediating role of employee engagement." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 14.4 (2022): 525-554.
Aggarwal, Arun, et al. "Driving service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through error management culture." The Service Industries Journal 44.15-16 (2024): 1211-1250.
Aggarwal, Arun, Vinay Kukreja, and Kamrunnisha Nobi. "Prioritising and testing the integrated behavioural model of organisational citizenship behaviour through fuzzy AHP and structural equation modelling." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 14.1-2 (2023): 1-24.
Ananthram, Subramaniam, et al. "High-performance work systems and employee outcomes in Indian call centres: a mediation approach." Personnel Review 47.4 (2018): 931-950.
Ashta, Ashok, Peter Stokes, and Paul Hughes. "Change management in Indo-Japanese cross-cultural collaborative contexts: Parallels between traditional Indian philosophy and contemporary Japanese management." Journal of Organizational Change Management 31.1 (2018): 154-172.
Bakhshi, Arti, Kuldeep Kumar, and Ekta Rani. "Organizational justice perceptions as predictor of job satisfaction and organization commitment." International journal of Business and Management 4.9 (2009): 145-154.
Bakker, Arnold B., and Evangelia Demerouti. "Towards a model of work engagement." Career development international 13.3 (2008): 209-223.
Bapat, Shweta, and Pooja Upadhyay. "Implications of CSR initiatives on employee engagement." Social Responsibility Journal 17.2 (2021): 149-163.
Bhatnagar, Jyotsna. "Talent management strategy of employee engagement in Indian ITES employees: key to retention." Employee relations 29.6 (2007): 640-663.
Biswas, Soumendu, Arup Varma, and Aarti Ramaswami. "Linking distributive and procedural justice to employee engagement through social exchange: A field study in India." The International Journal of Human Resource Management 24.8 (2013): 1570-1587.
Chaudhary, Richa, and Anuja Akhouri. "CSR perceptions and employee creativity: examining serial mediation effects of meaningfulness and work engagement." Social Responsibility Journal 15.1 (2019): 61-74.
Chaudhary, Richa. "Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: can CSR help in redressing the engagement gap?." Social Responsibility Journal 13.2 (2017): 323-338.
Chaudhary, Richa. "CSR and turnover intentions: Examining the underlying psychological mechanisms." Social Responsibility Journal 13.3 (2017): 643-660.
Chaudhary, Richa. "Demographic factors, personality and entrepreneurial inclination: A study among Indian university students." Education+ Training 59.2 (2017): 171-187.
Dalal, Renu, and Mesut Akdere. "Examining the relationship between talent management and employee job‐related outcomes: The case of the Indian manufacturing industry." Human Resource Development Quarterly 34.2 (2023): 201-226.
Das, Arnab Kumar, and Pooja Malik. "Ascertaining factors inducing engagement and stay intention among Gen Z: a qualitative study in the Indian context." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 33.1 (2025): 163-184.
Dhir, Swati, and Archana Shukla. "Role of organizational image in employee engagement and performance." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26.3 (2019): 971-989.
Dwivedi, Abhishek. "A higher-order model of consumer brand engagement and its impact on loyalty intentions." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 24 (2015): 100-109.
Elembilassery, Varun, and L. Gurunathan. "Mandated CSR and mode of implementation: the Indian context." Social Responsibility Journal 14.4 (2018): 701-718.
Farndale, Elaine, Promila Agarwal, and Pawan Budhwar. "Outcomes of talent identification in economically liberalized India: Does organizational justice matter?." Journal of Business Research 144 (2022): 740-750.
Garg, Pooja, and Renu Rastogi. "New model of job design: motivating employees' performance." Journal of management Development 25.6 (2006): 572-587.
Ghosh, Piyali, Alka Rai, and Apsha Sinha. "Organizational justice and employee engagement: Exploring the linkage in public sector banks in India." Personnel Review 43.4 (2014): 628-652.
Ghosh, Vinit, Manaswita Bharadwaja, and Hory Mukherjee. "Examining online learning platform characteristics and employee engagement relationship during Covid-19." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 53.2 (2022): 335-357.
Gupta, Vishal, and Sushil Kumar. "Impact of performance appraisal justice on employee engagement: a study of Indian professionals." Employee relations 35.1 (2012): 61-78.
Harter, James K., Frank L. Schmidt, and Theodore L. Hayes. "Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis." Journal of applied psychology 87.2 (2002): 268.
Kakkar, Shiva, and Neharika Vohra. "Self-regulatory effects of performance management system consistency on employee engagement: a moderated mediation model." American Business Review 24.1 (2021): 11.
Kakkar, Shiva, et al. "Engaging employees through effective performance management: an empirical examination." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27.5 (2020): 1843-1860.
Kaur, Rajwinder, Sameer Pingle, and Anand Kumar Jaiswal. "Effect of organisational culture on employer branding and resultant employee brand equity in the private banking sector." International Journal of Bank Marketing 42.2 (2024): 258-300.
Kaur, Raminderpreet, and Gurpreet Randhawa. "Supportive supervisor to curtail turnover intentions: do employee engagement and work–life balance play any role?." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship. Vol. 9. No. 3. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021.
Kaur, Tavleen, and Ritesh Kumar Dubey. "Employee review websites as source of recruitment communication: The role of source credibility, realistic information, and specific information." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO) 18.3 (2020): 74-94.
Kossyva, Dorothea, et al. "Definitions and antecedents of engagement: a systematic literature review." Management Research Review 46.5 (2022): 719-738.
Kossyva, Dorothea, et al. "Outcomes of engagement: A systematic literature review and future research directions." Heliyon 9.6 (2023).
Kumar, Puneet, and Nayantara Padhi. "Development and validation of multi-factor employee engagement measuring instrument: a formative measurement model." Personnel Review 51.9 (2022): 2261-2276.
Malik, Ashish, et al. "Employee experience–the missing link for engaging employees: Insights from an MNE's AI‐based HR ecosystem." Human Resource Management 62.1 (2023): 97-115.
Moher, David, et al. "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement." Bmj 339 (2009).
Naim, Mohammad Faraz, et al. "The impact of knowledge sharing on employee engagement through the mediating role of competency development and moderating role of social climate." Journal of Knowledge Management 28.7 (2024): 1889-1916.
Nath, Anjana, et al. "Coping strategies mediating the effects of job insecurity on subjective well-being, leading to presenteeism: an empirical study." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 32.2 (2024): 209-235.
Nazir, Owais, and Jamid Ul Islam. "Effect of CSR activities on meaningfulness, compassion, and employee engagement: A sense-making theoretical approach." International Journal of Hospitality Management 90 (2020): 102630.
Nazir, Owais, and Jamid Ul Islam. "Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement: An empirical check." South Asian Journal of Business Studies 6.1 (2017): 98-114.
Nazir, Owais, Jamid Ul Islam, and Zillur Rahman. "Effect of CSR participation on employee sense of purpose and experienced meaningfulness: A self-determination theory perspective." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 46 (2021): 123-133.
Nehra, Nagendra Singh. "Can employee engagement be attained through psychological detachment and job crafting: the mediating role of spirituality and intrinsic motivation." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 10.3 (2023): 368-393.
Panda, Abinash, Subhashis Sinha, and Nikunj Kumar Jain. "Job meaningfulness, employee engagement, supervisory support and job performance: a moderated-mediation analysis." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 71.6 (2022): 2316-2336.
Pathomphatthaphan, Sarawut, Simanchala Das, and Lalatendu Kesari Jena. "Agile SHRM practices and employee-organisational outcomes during new normal: evidence from India and Thailand." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 11.2 (2024): 347-374.
Popli, Sapna, and Irfan A. Rizvi. "Exploring the relationship between service orientation, employee engagement and perceived leadership style: a study of managers in the private service sector organizations in India." Journal of Services Marketing 29.1 (2015): 59-70.
Popli, Sapna, and Irfan A. Rizvi. "Leadership style and service orientation: The catalytic role of employee engagement." Journal of service theory and practice 27.1 (2017): 292-310.
Rizvi, Yasmeen Shamsi, and Asma Nabi. "Corporate social responsibility and psychological capital during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from India." Social Responsibility Journal 19.8 (2023): 1379-1396.
Saks, Alan M. "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement." Journal of managerial psychology 21.7 (2006): 600-619.
Santhanam, Nivethitha, and Sharan Srinivas. "Modeling the impact of employee engagement and happiness on burnout and turnover intention among blue-collar workers at a manufacturing company." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27.2 (2020): 499-516.
Schaufeli, Wilmar B., and Arnold B. Bakker. "Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study." Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior 25.3 (2004): 293-315.
Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Indraneel Basu, and Siddarth Singh. "Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial." The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 24.3 (2018): 243-248.
Shrotryia, Vijay Kumar, and Upasana Dhanda. "Development of employee engagement measure: experiences from best companies to work for in India." Measuring Business Excellence 24.3 (2020): 319-343.
Shrotryia, Vijay Kumar, Kirti Saroha, and Upasana Dhanda. "Why employee engagement matters? Evidences from Delhi metro rail corporation in India." Personnel Review 51.2 (2022): 501-527.
Shuck, Brad, Thomas G. Reio Jr, and Tonette S. Rocco. "Employee engagement: An examination of antecedent and outcome variables." Human resource development international 14.4 (2011): 427-445.
Singh, Ajay, and Bindu Gupta. "Job involvement, organizational commitment, professional commitment, and team commitment: A study of generational diversity." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22.6 (2015): 1192-1211.
Singh, Dinesh, and R. R. Sharma. "Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and their management." Postharvest disinfection of fruits and vegetables. Academic Press, 2018. 1-52.
Singh, Rakhi, Priyanka Sihag, and Aastha Dhoopar. "Role of resilient leadership and psychological capital in employee engagement with special reference to COVID-19." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 31.1 (2022): 232-252.
Singh, Yuvika, and Shivinder Phoolka. "Unleashing the creative spark: the mediating role of employee work engagement on the relationship between employee training and creativity." International Journal of Educational Management 38.2 (2024): 429-446.
Snyder, Hannah. "Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines." Journal of business research 104 (2019): 333-339.
Srivastava, Shalini, and Lata Bajpai. "Linking conservation of resource perspective to personal growth initiative and intention to leave: role of mediating variables." Personnel Review 50.2 (2021): 686-708.
Srivastava, Shalini, and Sonali Singh. "Linking personal growth initiative and organizational identification to employee engagement: Testing the mediating-moderating effects in Indian hotel industry." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 45 (2020): 79-89.
Tripathi, Prasoon Mani, et al. "A JD-R perspective for enhancing engagement through empowerment: A study on Indian hotel industry." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 46 (2021): 12-25.
Tripathi, Swati, and Divya Tripathi. "Investigating the mediating role of political will in the relationship between organizational characteristics and use of political tactics." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 31.4 (2023): 1105-1121.
Tymon Jr, Walter G., Stephen A. Stumpf, and Jonathan P. Doh. "Exploring talent management in India: The neglected role of intrinsic rewards." Journal of World Business 45.2 (2010): 109-121.
