I. TUMWINE, J. P. RUTARINDWA, P. NIYONDERERA, J. NIYONIRINGIRA, and J. B. HABIMANA, “An Explainable Smartphone-Based Deep Learning and Geospatial Framework for Road-Defect Surveillance and Maintenance Prioritisation in Rwanda: A Synthetic Proof of Concept”, IJMDS, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 11–35, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.31305/ijmds.v15n08.002.